Asarum maximum, commonly known as panda ginger or black wild ginger, is a unique and eye-catching perennial groundcover native to China. It belongs to the Aristolochiaceae family and is prized for its striking foliage and exotic, dark-colored flowers.
The plant is especially popular in shade gardens, where it adds visual interest with its broad, glossy green leaves and intricate, low-lying blossoms. Asarum maximum is not a true ginger but is often referred to as such because of its rhizomatous root system.
The dramatic, black-purple flowers with white “panda-face” markings emerge at soil level and are often hidden beneath the foliage. While not known for fragrance or showy blooms, its mysterious appearance makes it a favorite among collectors and woodland garden enthusiasts.
Origins
Asarum maximum originates from the cool, shaded forest floors of China. It thrives in moist, well-draining soils rich in organic matter. The plant has adapted to thrive under dense canopies, making it ideal for temperate zones with consistent humidity and shade.
Historically, it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, although it’s now primarily cultivated for ornamental use in modern landscapes.
Growth Habit
Asarum maximum has a low, spreading growth habit, making it a fantastic ground cover. The plant grows from underground rhizomes and slowly spreads to form a dense mat of heart-shaped leaves. It typically reaches 4–6 inches in height and can spread over time to 12–18 inches wide, depending on growing conditions.
The foliage remains evergreen in mild climates but may die back in colder zones before regrowing in spring.
How to Grow Asarum maximum
Growing Asarum maximum is relatively easy if its basic needs are met:
- Light: Prefers partial to full shade. Direct sun can scorch the leaves.
- Soil: Rich, loamy, well-draining soil with high organic content is best.
- Watering: Keep soil evenly moist, especially in the first year after planting. Avoid waterlogging.
- Fertilizer: Apply compost or a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring
- Mulching: Helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Propagation
Asarum maximum is most commonly propagated by division of established clumps which is very easy, or seeds, though the latter is slower.
- Division: In early spring or autumn/fall, lift established clumps and gently separate rhizomes with at least one growth point each. Replant immediately.
- Seeds: Sow in moist seed-starting mix, but germination can take several months. Stratification (cold treatment) may improve success.
Division is the preferred method for quicker results and maintaining the characteristics of specific cultivars.
Growing in Containers
Asarum maximum performs well in containers, especially in shaded courtyars, patios or balconies. Growing in containers does allow the plant to be lifted up so the the flowers that hide beeath the foliage can be seen.
- Use a wide, deep pot with good drainage.
- A general purpose will be sufficient.
- Water regularly, using a wet/dry cycle.
- Repot every 3-4 years as the plant outgrows the pot or to refresh soil and divide if needed.
Container growing is recommended for gardeners in colder climates who want to overwinter the plant indoors.
Hardiness Zones
- USDA Zones 6-9
- UK Zone 7
- Australia – Cool Temperate to Warm temperate
Varieties
Several varieties and cultivars of Asarum exist, but Asarum maximum ‘Ling Ling’ is the most popular due to its dramatic black-and-white flowers resembling a panda face.
Other Species in the Asarum genus that gardeners may enjoy include:
- Asarum canadense – A North American native with heart-shaped leaves and brownish flowers.
- Asarum europaeum – Known for its glossy, rounded foliage, often used as a shade groundcover in European gardens.
- Asarum splendens – Features silver-marbled foliage and grows a bit more vigorously.
We Are Asked
Is Asarum maximum invasive?
No, Asarum maximum is not considered invasive. It spreads slowly via rhizomes and can be easily controlled with regular division.
Can I grow Asarum maximum indoors?
Yes, it can be grown indoors in a container with adequate humidity, indirect light, and moist, well-draining soil. It’s better suited to growing outdoors
Is Asarum maximum deer-resistant?
Yes, Asarum species are generally deer-resistant due to their aromatic rhizomes and tough leaves. However, no plant is completely deer-proof if food is scarce.
When does Asarum maximum bloom?
It typically blooms in late spring to early summer. The flowers appear at ground level and may be hidden by the foliage, making them a hidden treasure for observant gardeners. So take a peak beneath the foliage
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