(Apocynaceae )
Stapelia are low-growing, clump-forming succulents from South Africa, valued for their unusual star-shaped flowers and easy-care nature in pots. Often called carrion flowers, they produce blooms that mimic the scent of rotting organic matter to attract pollinating flies.
While the smell can be strong, the striking patterns—spotted, striped, or velvety in tones of maroon, cream, yellow, and pink—make them standout plants for collectors and home gardeners alike. Most are best grown in containers where conditions can be controlled.
Popular Stapelia Varieties
Best Species for Home Gardeners
- Stapelia grandiflora: Large purple-brown flowers with strong scent; reliable and widely grown.
- Stapelia gigantea: Very large pale yellow flowers with maroon markings; dramatic display.
- Stapelia variegata (Orbea variegata): Cream flowers with dark spotting; slightly easier for beginners.
- Stapelia hirsuta: Hairy-textured blooms with reddish tones.
- Stapelia leendertziae: Bell-shaped deep maroon flowers, more unusual in form.
How to Grow Stapelia – Basic Care.
All species require a well drained soil and a sunny position, good ventilation is also important. Remember not to over water.
They like good strong indirect light and dry, not humid conditions. Over watering is the most common problem as this cuases the stems to rot.
Light Requirements
Bright light is essential. Outdoors, morning sun with light afternoon shade works well. Indoors, place near a bright north- or east-facing window (south-facing in the northern hemisphere).
Watering
Allow soil to dry completely between watering. In active growth, this may mean watering every 10–14 days. In winter, reduce significantly.
Airflow and Humidity
Good ventilation is critical. Stapelia dislike humid, stagnant conditions and are prone to rot if airflow is poor.
Soil Preparation and Planting Time
Soil Mix
Use a fast-draining mix:
- 1 part standard potting mix
- 1 part coarse sand or grit
- 1 part perlite or pumice
Terracotta pots are ideal as they help excess moisture evaporate.
Planting Time
- Best planted or repotted in spring to early summer
- Avoid planting during cold or dormant periods
- Cuttings root fastest in warm conditions
Planting Method (Simple Approach)
- Fill a shallow pot with prepared mix
- Position plant or cutting on surface (do not bury deeply)
- Delay watering for several days after planting
- Introduce light gradually
Practical Care Tips
- Water less than you think—overwatering is the main issue
- Avoid overhead watering to reduce rot risk
- Feed lightly once or twice in growing season
- Repot every 2–3 years or when overcrowded
- Move flowering plants outdoors if odour is strong
Stapelia Propagation Techniques
Stem Cuttings (Most Reliable)
- Take a स्वस्थ stem cutting in spring or summer
- Let it dry and callous for 3–10 days
- Place on dry soil mix (not buried)
- Lightly mist or wait 1 week before watering
- Roots form along stem edges
Division
- Separate established clumps during repotting
- Ensure each section has roots
- Replant immediately in dry mix
Example: A single mature plant can be divided into 3–5 new plants during repotting, making it one of the easiest succulents to multiply.
Seed Growing (Advanced)
- Sow in warm conditions (20–25°C)
- Use sterile, well-draining medium
- Germination can be slow and variable
Similar Carrion Flowers (Related Genera)
- Orbea (formerly Stapelia variegata group)
- Huernia (smaller, intricate flowers)
- Caralluma (more upright growth habit)
- Hoodia (less ornamental but related)
- Edithcolea grandis (highly ornamental, advanced growers)
These share similar care requirements and are often grouped together in collections.
Climate Zones and Growing Regions
Australia
- Best in warm temperate to subtropical zones
- Suitable outdoors in QLD, NSW, WA coastal regions
- In VIC, SA, TAS: grow in pots and protect from frost
North America
- USDA zones 9–11 ideal
- Grow outdoors in California, Arizona, Texas, Florida
- Elsewhere: treat as indoor or seasonal patio plant
UK
- Best grown indoors or in a greenhouse
- Requires warmth, low humidity, and excellent drainage
- Move outdoors only in warm summer periods
Europe
- Mediterranean regions: can grow outdoors in dry conditions
- Central/northern Europe: indoor or greenhouse cultivation recommended
FAQ
Why does my Stapelia smell?
The flowers mimic decaying material to attract pollinators. The smell is temporary and only present during flowering.
Can Stapelia grow outdoors year-round?
Only in frost-free climates. Otherwise, grow in pots and bring indoors during cold weather.
Are they safe around pets?
hey may be mildly toxic if ingested, so keep out of reach of pets and children.
Do they need full sun?
They need bright light but benefit from protection against intense afternoon sun.
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